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Buddhist Documentaries and Films: Who Made Them

Buddhist Documentaries and Films: balanced stones at the water's edge under a flowering branch (ink-wash illustration)
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Buddhist documentaries and dramas are usually listed together, and they should not be. Three different kinds of film get sold under one label: films made from inside a tradition by practitioners, films by Asian directors working inside Buddhist societies, and Western films that use a monastery as scenery. This page sorts them and says which is which.

The distinction changes what a film can tell you. A film can be beautiful and still be a projection. A film can be clumsy and still be the only one anybody made from inside.

How we sorted them

CategoryWhat it meansFilmmakers here include
From inside a traditionMade by ordained or practising Buddhists, or by a Buddhist bodyKhyentse Norbu, Neten Chokling, Edward A. Burger, Ngawang Choephel, Saman Weeraman
From inside a Buddhist societyAsian directors filming the world they grew up in, with no devotional intentIm Kwon-taek, Kon Ichikawa, Bae Yong-kyun, Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Pema Tseden, Dechen Roder
From outside, looking inWestern films about Buddhist Asia, often with a Western story or a Western eye at the centreMartin Scorsese, Bernardo Bertolucci, Jean-Jacques Annaud, Werner Herzog, Doris Dörrie

We give a director, a year and a country only where a durable source carries them — a film’s own site, a public broadcaster, a museum, a festival record, a university catalogue, a distributor’s catalogue — and where records disagree we say so rather than pick. Every such source is listed with its URL in this page’s sources, and every page we relied on was opened and every date here checked on 21 September 2026. Where a credit has no source, we do not print it.

The categories describe the film, not the filmmaker’s faith. Khyentse Norbu also directed Vara: A Blessing (2013, Bhutan/Hong Kong/Sri Lanka, 96 minutes), which appears on Buddhist film lists purely because a lama made it; the Dharamshala festival record describes Hindu gods, classical Indian dance and a temple dancer wed to a Hindu god. A film made by a Buddhist teacher is not automatically a Buddhist film.

Documentaries: start here if you want to learn

The Buddha (David Grubin, 2010) is the safest single recommendation for someone who wants to learn rather than to watch a good film: two hours for PBS, built from animation, two millennia of Buddhist art and footage shot in India and Nepal, with an Emmy nomination for documentary writing and a Webby. Two hours cannot hold the competing traditional accounts of one life, so read it against the historical Buddha and the life as the tradition tells it.

Monastic life, filmed from inside

The tulku question, from both sides

A tulku is a teacher held to be the rebirth of a previous one. Two documentaries take it from opposite ends, and few lists carry both.

For what the belief actually claims, see rebirth and reincarnation.

Nuns, not monks

Three, and they are not interchangeable. That is still a thin shelf beside the films about monks — and thinner on our page than it is in the world. Stanford’s guide runs a twelve-title section headed “Women Across Buddhist Traditions”, with Chinese, Nepali and Sri Lankan films we have not yet verified to this page’s standard. We will add them as we do. See the life of a Buddhist nun and women in Buddhism.

Meditation inside prisons

Both show the S. N. Goenka lineage of vipassanā, taught as a non-sectarian technique rather than as religion — which is why the courses can run in a state prison at all. See vipassana meditation.

Buddhism as a public force

One teacher, told one way

Crazy Wisdom (Johanna Demetrakas, 2011) is a biography of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche, who did as much as anyone to plant Tibetan Buddhism in North America. Writing in Buddhadharma, the scholars Ann Gleig and Amy Langenberg record that Trungpa “died of alcohol-related complications at age forty-eight, openly slept with female students, some of whom have alleged they were subject to physical and emotional violence from him”. The director’s approach is also on the record: she told Lion’s Roar that the dharma art, poetry, humour, drinking, girlfriends and military elements were all “offsprings of his genius”, and that she wanted the audience to have “enough time to form their own opinions about it”. Know both before you watch.

Dramas: films, not lessons

If you want one: Why Has Bodhi-Dharma Left for the East?. It is the best film on this page and it was made from inside a Buddhist culture by someone who was not a filmmaker. If two hours of a mountain monastery in near-silence is not your evening, start with The Cup instead — monks scheming to watch a football match, funny, and made by a lama.

Korea

Korean cinema has gone back to the monastery again and again — the features below run from 1981 to 2003 — and almost none of them turn up on English-language lists.

See Buddhism in Korea for the Seon tradition behind them all.

Japan: a Zen founder, a Pure Land founder, and a film about death

More context at Buddhism in Japan.

The Himalaya, from inside

Tibet, filmed by a Tibetan

Pema Tseden (1969–2023) is the largest gap in almost every competing list, which prefers Kundun and Seven Years in Tibet — films about Tibetans made by Westerners. He was born, Film Quarterly records, into a nomadic herder’s family in Thrika County in the Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province, and is “known widely as China’s first Tibetan director of feature films”. The tribute notes that the films of the Tibetan directors he mentored have “led to frequent references to a ‘Tibetan New Wave’”, and quotes Variety’s Patrick Frater calling him a “pioneer” of it. His debut, The Silent Holy Stones (China, 2005, 102 minutes), sends a young monk home for the New Year, where he falls in love with television. Seven more followed, from The Search (2009) to Snow Leopard (2023), whose edit had been completed when he died, and including Jinpa (2018), which took the Orizzonti award at Venice for its screenplay, and Balloon (2019). Film Quarterly writes that “the religious customs of everyday life are central” to his cinema. Start with Balloon, where a Tibetan belief about rebirth, set against state birth policy, is the engine of the plot.

Southeast Asia

The Western films, and what they are actually doing

The Western image of the Buddha on film starts before Hollywood. Prem Sanyas (The Light of Asia, 1925), directed by Franz Osten and produced by and starring Himansu Rai, is the earliest Buddhist-subject feature we can point to that still exists. The San Francisco Silent Film Festival calls it “the first Indian film to be distributed internationally”, notes that “only two percent of almost 1,300 films shot in India between 1913 and 1934 survive”, and records that it exists at all because the National Film Archive of India restored it. It reaches the Buddha through Edwin Arnold’s 1879 English poem rather than through a tradition.

The answer to it took the better part of a century. Sri Siddhartha Gautama (Saman Weeraman) tells the same life from inside a Theravāda country: its Sri Lankan distributor, EAP Films, records it as a project of the Light of Asia Foundation of Sri Lanka, produced by the foundation’s chairman Navin Guneratne, from a script “approved by the supreme council of the Maha Sangha”. The distributor’s own page gives conflicting release dates, so we give no year. It is the only life-of-the-Buddha feature here made by a Buddhist body inside the tradition it depicts, and it is on none of the English-language lists we checked.

Little Buddha (Bernardo Bertolucci, 1993) is the famous title that does not deserve its standing, and the criticism is published rather than ours. The critic Adrian Martin calls it “a full-on film of religious meditation and instruction, but essentially a primer designed for children or adults who have never heard of Buddhism”, says it “often comes over as pop mysticism, Spielberg-style”, and places it in a run of late-Bertolucci capitulations — dismissing socialism in The Last Emperor, indulging “a bit of good old Orientalism” in The Sheltering Sky, and in Little Buddha embracing “the most patriarchal of religious mythologies”. He also finds the experience “strange enough to savour”. Eve Mullen’s 1998 article in the Journal of Religion & Film makes the scholarly case against this film, Seven Years in Tibet (Jean-Jacques Annaud, 1997, UK/US, 136 minutes) and Kundun together; we cite it for the existence of that argument, having read only its abstract.

MUBI’s catalogue copy for Seven Years in Tibet introduces Heinrich Harrer as “an Austrian national and a Nazi sympathizer” who leaves Austria in 1939 to climb the Himalayas, and says that “there Heinrich’s life changes forever”. That is the shape of the film: Tibet as the place a European changes, with the Tibetans as the setting for it, and it is the shape Mullen’s argument is about.

Kundun (Martin Scorsese, United States/Monaco, 1997, 129 minutes, per MUBI’s record) deserves a fairer hearing than it gets. PBS Frontline’s own note on the film records that China would not allow it to be made in Tibet, so it was shot mostly in Morocco using many Tibetans as actors; in the interview itself Scorsese recalls asking an older Tibetan actor to play anger and being told, “I’ll try, but I don’t know how to get angry.” He does not present himself as an authority on the subject — “I don’t know too much about the politics,” he says of Tibet. It is still a film made in Morocco by an American Catholic about a living tradition, and Mullen puts it in the same frame as the other two. Both are true.

Samsara (Pan Nalin, 2001, 2 hours 18 minutes; ACMI credits Germany and says the film is set in Ladakh) is the most commercially packaged film on the page. Enlightenment Guaranteed (Doris Dörrie, Germany, 1999, 108 minutes, per the Harvard Film Archive) is the useful contrast with Little Buddha: two German brothers get hopelessly lost on the way to a Zen monastery in Japan, and it knows the joke is on the Westerners rather than on the monastery.

For the whole argument without an argument, watch the two Milarepas. Milarepa (Liliana Cavani, Italy, 1974, 108 minutes) films the yogi’s autobiography, as MUBI’s record puts it, “parallel with a story of a youth of our days”. Neten Chokling’s, thirty-two years later, just tells the story.

What is missing here, and from every other list

This list is heavily Vajrayāna and Zen. That is a fact about what gets funded and subtitled into English, not about the size of the traditions.

One more pattern, and it is about this page’s neighbours as much as this page: the films, books and podcasts we can recommend in English are overwhelmingly Western-produced, while the monuments are almost entirely Asian — so read in sequence our own lists can imply that Asians built Buddhism and Westerners explain it, which is a fact about who gets funded and translated, not about the tradition.

A list that does not admit this is presenting a Tibetan-and-Zen selection as “Buddhism”. Where a film and our pages disagree, common misconceptions about Buddhism is the place to check.

Where to watch, and what is free

We name no streaming service: rights move, and a page that lists them is wrong inside a year. Three routes that move more slowly.

A library card. Many public and university libraries pay for streaming platforms that carry documentary and world-cinema titles at no cost to the cardholder. It is the least glamorous answer on this page and the one most likely to still work when the page is old.

The filmmakers themselves. Where a film’s makers host it, that is the link to follow. Karuna Films links a full version of Doing Time, Doing Vipassana from its own site, and Plum Village links Walk With Me from its own page. Both were still there on 21 September 2026.

Everything else costs money, and we are not going to pretend otherwise. The Buddhist Film Foundation’s own Buddhist Film Channel, when it arrives, is to be pay-per-view rental and download-to-own by the foundation’s own description. If a title here matters to you, search its title with the director’s name and go to whichever page the filmmakers control. And if the problem is that you have no two free hours, the best Buddhist podcasts is the companion to this page: the same traditions, in forty minutes, while you do something else.

Content notes

Named plainly so you can choose, and no further.

Where to go next

If you have already seen the famous ones. If Kundun, Seven Years in Tibet, Little Buddha and Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter… and Spring are behind you, you have seen three films made about Buddhists from outside and one made inside a Buddhist country. The next four are Come, Come, Come Upward, Balloon, Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives and One Mind — a Korean nun, a Tibetan family, a Thai forest and a Chinese monastery, none of them explaining anything to you. That is the whole argument of this page in four evenings.

The Buddhist Film Foundation was founded in 2000, its own About page says, by the filmmakers Ellen Bruno, Richard Kohn and Gaetano Kazuo Maida “along with others”, out of earlier work by Tricycle magazine. Its programmes are the International Buddhist Film Festival and the Buddhist Film Channel. Be realistic about both: when we checked the foundation’s site on 21 September 2026, the Buddhist Film Channel was still marked “Coming Soon!” and 2021 was the most recent festival edition the site referenced. We point at the foundation rather than at a platform because a non-commercial curator of this cinema is likelier to outlast this page — not because we can promise you a working play button.

Maida and Steven Goodman put the case in Inquiring Mind in spring 2002, arguing for “a very large tent” and, in Goodman’s words, for expanding the opportunity for “ethnic-based Buddhists — the Thais, the Tibetans, the Burmese — to represent themselves”. That was a practitioner-curator naming, in 2002, the problem this page is still working on.

(For what the films are showing: a day in a monastery and the life of a Buddhist monk. For the places they film, the greatest Buddhist monuments. For why so much of this was made in the West, Buddhism in the West and famous Buddhists. For reading instead of watching, the best Buddhist books and Buddhist apps and free online resources.)

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Frequently asked questions

What is the best Buddhist documentary to start with?

For learning rather than film-watching, start with The Buddha, written and directed by David Grubin and broadcast by PBS in 2010. It runs two hours and uses animation, two millennia of Buddhist art and footage shot in India and Nepal. Be aware that a two-hour life of the Buddha has to compress accounts that the traditions themselves tell differently.

Are there Buddhist films actually made by Buddhist practitioners?

Yes, and they are the ones most lists miss. Khyentse Norbu, a Tibetan lama, directed The Cup and Travellers and Magicians. Neten Chokling, also a lama, directed Milarepa. Edward A. Burger, a lay practitioner who lived with Chinese Buddhist communities, made Amongst White Clouds and One Mind. Sri Siddhartha Gautama came from a Sri Lankan Buddhist foundation, from a script its distributor says the Maha Sangha's supreme council approved.

What is the best Buddhist film, as opposed to documentary?

Why Has Bodhi-Dharma Left for the East?, which MUBI records as Bae Yong-kyun, South Korea, 1989, 137 minutes. It was made by a Korean painter working outside the film industry, and its title is a Seon koan rather than a question the film answers. It is one of a run of Korean monastery films on this page, which begins with Im Kwon-taek's Mandala in 1981.

Is Kundun historically accurate?

Scorsese did not claim it was authoritative. PBS Frontline's note on the film records that China would not allow filming in Tibet, so it was shot mostly in Morocco with many Tibetans as actors. Scorsese himself says of Tibet, I don't know too much about the politics. Eve Mullen's 1998 article in the Journal of Religion and Film places it alongside Seven Years in Tibet and Little Buddha as a subject of scholarly criticism.

Are there documentaries about Buddhist nuns rather than monks?

Yes, three, and they answer different questions. Daughters of Wisdom, by Bari Pearlman, was filmed among nearly 300 nuns at Kala Rongo Monastery in Nangchen, eastern Tibet. Blessings, by Victress Hitchcock and narrated by Richard Gere, follows Western women visiting nuns in the same region. Bhikkhuni, which Stanford's Ho Center lists for 2018, goes to the Theravada argument over full ordination for women. That is a thin shelf beside the films about monks.

Where can I watch Buddhist films for free?

Through a library, mostly. Many public and university libraries subscribe to streaming services that carry documentary titles at no cost to the cardholder, and that route outlasts any list of platforms. Some filmmakers host their own work: Karuna Films links a full version of Doing Time, Doing Vipassana from its own site, and Plum Village links Walk With Me. Most other titles here cost money.

Sources